Stressed, Tired, Moody? Find Out if It’s Hormones
Stressed, Tired, Moody? Find Out if It’s Hormones Hormonal Imbalance What It Is // Symptoms // Causes // Tips // Conclusion Hormone health is a hot topic, and for good reason: Hormonal imbalance is experienced by an estimated 80 percent of women*, and can have profound effects on overall health. Everything from stress, cognition, mood, and energy to weight, skin, digestion, and sleep can be impacted by hormones. Operating like messengers within the body, hormones are chemicals that tell cells, tissues, and organs what to do. They help manage a myriad of processes, such as metabolism, sex drive, sleep, mood, and digestion. If you’ve struggled with any of the above functions, you may have wondered: Are hormone health and wellness to blame? What Is Hormonal Imbalance? A hormonal imbalance occurs when there is too much or too little of one or more hormones in the body. There are more than 50 different hormones, all dictating different functions. Even tiny changes in the levels of certain hormones can have a cascading effect in the body with serious potential outcomes. If, say, you don’t consume a rounded diet and subsequently lack key macro- or micronutrients, aren’t getting adequate sleep, or experience excessive stress, your hormone health can be disrupted. Other processes such as aging or certain medical conditions can also throw off natural hormone balance. Some of these imbalances require medical attention and consultation with your physician. But others can be impacted by lifestyle changes and supplementation. For example, stress can influence cortisol levels, which, over time, may negatively impact sleep, blood sugar and key hormone levels. This can lead to numerous symptoms and unwanted effects. Achieving hormone balance for women includes strategies to lower stress, help support healthy blood sugar levels through a healthy diet, and exercise to aid overall health and better hormone receptivity. Symptoms of Hormonal Imbalance Hormonal imbalance symptoms in women can manifest in many ways. If you are experiencing some of these symptoms, you may have a hormone imbalance: Fatigue Mood swings Brain fog Hot flashes Weight gain Problems sleeping Excessive/unusual sweating Headaches Irregular periods Bloating Low libido Acne/skin issues Irregular bowel movements Hair loss/thinning “Women should monitor for changes in menstrual cycles, mood, energy levels, weight, skin, hair growth, sleep patterns, libido, and digestion to distinguish between their normal variations and signs of hormone imbalance,” says Julie Pace, RDN, a registered dietitian who specializes in women’s health and hormone-related conditions. Some hormonal imbalance symptoms are much more serious than others, in which case those experiencing them should consult a healthcare provider. There are also normal changes that take place during perimenopause and menopause. But if you are in this phase of life, that doesn’t mean you should brush off symptoms that are disrupting your quality of life. Dr. Jolene Brighten, board certified naturopathic endocrinologist and author of Is This Normal, says, “The transition into menopause brings many unwanted hormone symptoms that typically begin with trouble sleeping, additional PMS mood symptoms, and in some cases, heightened anxiety. But while it is normal to experience these symptoms, it should never be considered normal for them to interrupt your daily activities.” What Causes Hormonal Imbalance? Hormonal imbalance can be the result of numerous influences. Some key hormones and factors to focus on include estrogen, insulin/elevated blood sugar levels, cortisol, and progesterone. 1. Stress Stress triggers the release of cortisol and adrenaline to help the body cope with perceived threats; adrenaline to increase heart rate and make the body more high-functioning, cortisol to release glucose — blood sugar — for additional fuel. Left unmanaged, however, this can affect the relationship between the body’s stress response system (called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and its reproductive health system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis). When the endocrine system is functioning properly, the HPA axis and the HPG axis release the right hormones at the right times. But during chronic stress, illness, or injury, the stress center may send out “alarm signals” in the form of cortisol. When cortisol levels are chronically elevated, this can cause issues that include heightened blood sugar levels, weight gain, and trouble sleeping, among others. The result can disrupt hormone production, including estrogen. Finally, if there are problems arising within the HPG axis, this can lead to period issues (such as missed and irregular periods), mood changes and other symptoms including decreased sex drive. 2. Menopause As women near menopause, especially around the late 40s to early 50s, the HPG axis naturally slows production of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This can lead to hot flashes, sleep problems, and mood swings. Additionally, if the HPA axis is concurrently sending out those “alarm signals” in the form of elevated cortisol, this can compound some corresponding issues like elevated blood sugar and weight gain. 3. Excessive carbohydrate intake Consuming foods high in refined carbohydrates (such as sugary snacks, white bread, candy, and juices) can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar because of how quickly these simple carbs are metabolized. Over time, this bombardment of blood sugar can dull sensitivity to insulin, the hormone responsible for directing glucose into cells. With fewer and fewer cellular takers for the circulating glucose, the result can be chronically elevated blood sugar, weight gain, and even issues of the pancreas, where insulin is released. Further exacerbating this effect, cortisol can make you crave sugary foods. So, elevated stress causes elevated cortisol, which can lead to elevated glucose levels, which can lead to weight gain… which can further elevate stress, perpetuating a cycle in which millions of people have become stuck. 4. Lack of physical activity The more sedentary your lifestyle, the likelier you are to see a decrease in insulin sensitivity and a subsequent increase in blood sugar levels. Insulin makes cells — like those in your muscles — receptive to glucose for energy. And every move you make places demands on your muscles that glucose helps to fuel. But if you don’t ask much of your muscles, that glucose will instead stay in the blood, requiring more and
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